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''Marthandavarma'' ( (:mɑːṟt̪t̪ɑːɳɖaʋaṟmma)) is a historical romance novel by C. V. Raman Pillai published in 1891. It recounts the history of Venad (Travancore) during the final period of Rajah Rama Varma’s reign and subsequently to the accession of Marthanda Varma. Set in Kollavarsham 901–906 (Gregorian calendar: 1727–1732), the story revolves around three protagonists, Ananthapadmanabhan, Subhadra and Mangoikkal Kuruppu, who try to protect the titular character from Padmanabhan Thambi and Ettu Veetil Pillamar who plan to oust him from the throne of Travancore. The novel utilizes rich allusions to the Indian subcontinent and Western, historical, cultural and literary traditions. This novel initiated the historical romance genre in Malayalam literature as the first historical novel published in Malayalam language and in south India. The first edition, self published by the author in 1891, received positive to mixed reviews, but book sales did not produce significant revenue. The revised edition, published in 1911, was an enormous success and became one of the best sellers of the time. The story of Travancore is continued in the author's later novels, ''Dharmaraja'' (1913) and ''Ramarajabahadur'' (19181919). These three novels are together known as ''CV’s Historical Narratives'' and ''C. V. Raman Pillai's Novel Trilogy'' in Malayalam literature. The popularity of the novel led to a 1933 movie adaptation, ''Marthanda Varma (film)'', which ended in legal dispute with the novel's publishers and became the first literary work in Malayalam to be the subject of a copyright infringement. The novel has been translated into three different languages, English, Tamil, and Hindi, and has also been abridged and adapted in a number of formats, including theater, radio, television, and an English-language comic book. Due to its literary significance, the ''Marthandavarma'' has been included in the curriculum for courses offered by universities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, as well as the curriculum of the Kerala State Education Board. ==Historical background and context== The Venad kingdom under Ravi Varma (Kollavarsham 859893, Gregorian Calendar: 16841718) had to resist the foreign attacks and do the eventual payments of arrears to Madurai Nayaks; which resulted in the imposition of fresh taxes to meet the expenses. This made the feudal chieftains, the feudal lords (Ettuveettil Pillamar) and their confederates (Madampimar), who were once suppressed by Kerala Varma of Kottayam (Wayanad) during the period of Umayamma Rani, to become recalcitrant.〔 Ravi Varma was succeeded by Aditya Varma (Kollavarsham 893894, Gregorian Calendar:1718), and during his reign, resolutions are made by the local bodies in villages not to pay the taxes.〔 Unni Kerala Varma succeeded to the throne, and during his reign, the feudal chieftains became more powerful as the King was weak in disposition. The forces once organized by Kerala Varma were disbanded and some of them took services under the feudal lords.〔 Unni Kerala Varma was succeeded by Rama Varma in Kollavarsham 899 (Gregorian Calendar: 1724); during his reign the feudal lords were grown stronger.〔〔 Rama Varma, pleased with the energy and intelligence of the then prince Marthanda Varma, allowed the latter to take necessary actions in the affairs of government; which the prince utilized to adopt the measures against rebellious spirit of feudal lords, who in-turn became his inveterate enemies and planned lethal actions against the prince.〔 Marthanda Varma suggested to the King to avail aid from the foreign forces against the power of feudal lords, and Rama Varma made a treaty with Madurai Nayaks at Tiruchirappalli in Kollavarsham 901 (Gregorian Calendar 1726) to have additional forces be supplied to Venad for an annual payment.〔 style="border-spacing: 4px; border: 0px solid darkgray;" - + Legend - descent adoption - spouse relation spouse relation order - style="border-spacing: 4px; border: 0px solid darkgray; text-align: left; line-height: 99%;" - Descendant of Kilimanoor royal lineage - Descendant of Madathumkur royal lineage - Ascended the throne - |- |style="text-align: left;"|Notes: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marthandavarma (novel)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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